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trinoda necessitas
Trinoda necessitas ("three-knotted obligation" in Latin) is a term used to refer to a "threefold tax" in Anglo-Saxon times. Subjects of an Anglo-Saxon king were required to yield three services: bridge-bote (repairing bridges and roads), burgh-bote (building and maintaining fortifications), and fyrd-bote (serving in the militia, known as the fyrd). Rulers very rarely exempted subjects from the ''trinoda necessitas'', because these services were the lifeblood of an Anglo-Saxon kingdom. After the Norman Conquest, exemptions from the ''trinoda necessitas'' became more common.〔
The term "trinoda necessitas" was rarely used in Anglo-Saxon times: its only known use is in a grant of land near Pagham, Sussex from King Cædwalla of Wessex to Saint Wilfred. The Wilfred grant used the term ''trimoda'' (Latin for "triple"); ''trinoda'' (Latin for "triple-knotted") was an error introduced by John Selden in 1610.〔
Instead of the term "trinoda necessitas", it was common for Anglo-Saxon land grants to spell out the three obligations individually. For example, the land grant of Æthelberht of Kent to a thegn in 858 was free of obligation, except explicitly for military service, bridge repair, and fortification.
==See also==
*History of English land law
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